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Xavier, Duke of Parma and Piacenza, known before 1974 as Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma (called ''Francisco Javier de Borbón Parma y de Braganza'' in Spain; 25 May 1889 – 7 May 1977) was the head of the ducal House of Bourbon-Parma, pretender to the defunct throne of Parma, and Carlist claimant to the royal throne of Spain under the name (Francisco) Javier I. ==Early life== Xavier was the son of Robert, Duke of Parma, and of his second wife, Infanta Maria Antonia of Portugal. He was born at Villa Pianore, near Viareggio in Italy. He had eleven brothers and sisters, including Empress Zita of Austria and Felix (consort of Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg). From his father's first marriage, he had a further twelve half-siblings including Princess Marie Louise of Bourbon-Parma (consort of the future Tsar Ferdinand I of Bulgaria) and Duke Elias of Parma. Xavier spent his earliest years at Villa Pianore and at Schwarzau am Steinfelde in Austria. His first tutor was Father Sergio Alonso, a member of the Order of Saint Gabriel. Xavier and his older brother Sixtus studied at the Jesuit college Stella Matutina in Feldkirch, Austria and then in Carlsburg, Germany. He went to university in Paris where he obtained degrees in agriculture and political science. During World War I Xavier and his brother Prince Sixtus enlisted in the Belgian Army. Several of their older brothers were officers in the Austrian Army. Xavier received the French Croix de guerre and the Belgian Croix de guerre. He was also awarded the Cross of the Order of Leopold II. In 1917 Xavier assisted his brother Sixtus in the so-called Sixtus Affair, a failed attempt to negotiate a peace treaty between Austria and France. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Prince Xavier of Bourbon-Parma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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